2009年度注册土木工程师(水利水电工程)用书出售职称论文发表联系电话15804940288
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normal stress,法向应力
oedometer curve,压缩曲线
optimum moisture content,最优含水率
piping,管涌
plastic limit,塑限
plasticity index,塑性指标
pore water pressure,孔隙水压力
porosity,空隙率
principal stress,主应力
proctor compaction test,普氏击实试验
relative density,相对密度
sand replacement method,罐砂法
saturability(saturation degree,percent saturation),饱和度
saturated unit weight,饱和容重
seepage deformation, 渗透变形
seepage force(seepage pressure),渗透力
seepage line,渗透线
seepage speed,渗透速度
shear stress,切向应力(剪应力)
shrinkage limit,缩限
skip(gap,jump) grading,间断级配

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在三维地形和地质表述的基础上,建立水利水电工程的全三维模型,包括坝体、导流洞、泄洪洞、地下厂房等建筑以及与此相关联的设备、管线布置。这些设备与地形和地质数据完全相关,从而构成一个复杂的水利水电系统
specific gravity of soil particle,土粒比重
steady seepage field,稳定渗流场
stress path,应力路径
total strength envelope,总强度包线
triaxial compression test,三轴压缩试验
unconfined compression strength,无侧限压缩试验
unconsolidated undrained test,不固结不排水剪(快剪)试验
variable head method,变水头法
void(pore) ratio,空隙比
water replacement method,罐水法
wet density,湿密度
Ⅳ、其他建筑材料
钢筋(steel)
bending and unbending,反复弯曲
cold bending test,冷弯试验
elongation test,拉伸试验
nominal diameter,公称直径
ratio of elongation,伸长率
relaxation test,松弛试验
steel strand,钢绞线
tensile yield strength,抗拉屈服强度
ultimate tensile strength,极限抗拉强度

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木材(wood)
crushing strength parallel to the grain,顺纹抗压强度
tensile strength parallel to the grain,顺纹抗拉强度
crushing strength across the grain,横纹抗压强度
tensile strength across the grain,横纹抗拉强度
沥青(asphalt)
brittle temperature test,脆化点试验
expansion test,延伸度试验
penetration test,针入度试验
softening point test,软化点试验
test of aging,老化试验
viscosity test,粘滞性试验
Ⅴ、质量管理(quality management)
average,平均值
deviation standard(error of mean squares),均方差
deviation coefficient(dispersion coefficient),离差系数
index of correlation,相关系数
management limit,管理界限
mathematic statistics,数理统计
maximum,最大值
minimum,最小值
normal distribution,正态分布

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quality assurance,质量保证
quality examination,质量检测
regression curve,回归曲线
relative dampness,相对湿度
sample capacity,样本容量
sample frequency,取样频率
specimen,样品
statistical analysis,统计分析
technical specification,技术规范
technical standard,技术标准
testing circumstance,试验环境
testing error,试验误差
testing regulation,试验规程
variance analysis,方差分析
地质(geology)
地质年代(geochronology of geologic ages)
Archaeozoic era(erathem),太古代(界)
Proterozoic era(erathem),元古代(界)
Palaeozoic era(erathem),古生代(界)
Mesozoic era(erathem),中生代(界)
Cenozoic era(erathem),新生代(界)
Sinian period(system),震旦纪(系)

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Cambrian period(system),寒武纪(系)
Ordovician period(system),奥陶纪(系)
Silurian period(system),志留纪(系)
Devonian period(system),泥盆纪(系)
Carboniferous period(system),石炭纪(系)
Permian period(system),二叠纪(系)
Triassic period(system),三叠纪(系)
Jurassic period(system),侏罗纪(系)
Cretaceous period(system),白垩纪(系)
Tertiary period(system),第三纪(系)
Quaternary period(system),第四纪(系)
地质构造(geologic structure)
fault,断层
normal fault,正断层
reversed fault,逆断层
paralled fault,平移断层
gouge,断层泥
stria,擦痕
joint,节理
primary joint,原生节理
secondary,次生节理
tension joint, 张节理

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unloading joint,卸荷节理
schistosity,片理
bedding,层理
foliation,板理(叶理)
ripple mark,波痕
mud crack,泥痕
rain print,雨痕
orientation of bedrock,岩层产状
strike,走向
dip,倾向
angle of dip(dip angle),倾角
fold,褶皱
anticline,背斜
syncline,向斜
monocline(homocline),单斜
dome,穹隆
soft stratum,软弱岩层
zone of fracture(broken zone),破碎带
affected zone,影响带
platy structure,板状构造
cleavage,解理
fracture(rupture),断裂

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fissure(crack,fracture),裂隙
岩石类型(rock type)
petrology,岩石学
igneous rock,火成岩
magmatic rock,岩浆岩
lava(vocanic rock),火山岩
intrusive(invade)rock,侵入岩
effusive rock,喷出岩
plutonic rock,深成岩
pypabyssal rock,浅成岩
acid rock,酸性岩
inter-mediate rock,中性盐
basic rock,基性岩
ultrabasic rock,超基性岩
granite,花岗岩
porphyry,斑岩
porphyrite,玢岩
rhyolite,流纹岩
syenite,正长岩
trachyte,粗面岩
diorite, 闪长岩
andesite,安山岩

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gabbro,辉长岩
basalt,玄武岩
aplite,细晶岩
pegmatite,伟晶岩
lamprophyre,煌斑岩
diabase,辉绿岩
dunite,橄榄岩
pumice,浮岩
sedimentary rock,沉积岩
clastic,碎屑岩
clay rock,黏土岩
chemical rock,化学岩
biolith,生物岩
conglomerate,砾岩
siltstone,粉砂岩
mudstone,泥岩
shale,页岩
saline rock,岩盐
limestone,石灰岩
dolomite,白云岩
marl,泥灰岩
volcanic breccia,火山角砾岩

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volcanic agglomerate,火山块集岩
tuff,凝灰岩
metamorphic rock,变质岩
slate,板岩
phyllite,千枚岩
schist,片岩
gneiss,片麻岩
quartzite,石英岩
marble,大理岩
mylonite,糜棱岩
migmatite,混合岩
cataclasite,碎裂岩
sediment(deposit),沉积物、沉积层
boulder,漂石、顽石
cobble,卵石
gravel,砾石
sand,砂
silt,粉土
clay,粘土
sandy clay,砂质粘土
clayey sand,粘质砂土
sandy loam,壤土、亚黏土

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regolith(topsoil),浮土(表土)
loess,黄土
laterite,红土
peat,泥炭
ooze,软泥(海泥)
造岩矿物(rock-forming minerals)
talc,滑石
gypsum,海石
calcite,方解石
fluorite,萤石
apatite,磷灰石
feldspar,长石
quartz,石英
topaz,黄玉
corundum,刚玉
diamand,金刚石
orthoclase,正长石
plagloclase,斜长石
biotite,黑云母
muscovite,白云母
amphibole,角闪石
phroxene,辉石

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olivine,橄榄石
dolomite,白云石
kaolinite,高岭石
montmorillonite,蒙脱石
bentonite,斑脱石(膨润土)
illite,依砾石
garnet,石榴子石
chlorite,绿泥石
serpentine,蛇纹石
pyrite,黄铁矿
hematite, 赤铁矿
magnetite,磁铁矿
limonite,褐铁矿
工程地质(engineering geology)
geotechnics(geotechnique),土工学、土工技术、岩石工程
rock mechanics,岩石力学
soil mechanics,土力学
geomechanics,地质力学(岩石力学)
engineering geological conditions,工程地质条件
engineering geological problems,工程地质问题
rock mass structure,岩体结构
geographic and geomorphic conditions,地形地貌条件

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geophysical phenomenon,物理地质现象
hydrogeological conditions,水文地质条件
natural materials,天然材料
reservoir,水库
settlement,沉降
displacement,位移
deformation,变形
tectonic stress,构造应力
residual stress,残余应力
angle of internal friction,内摩擦角
cohesion,内聚力(凝聚力、粘聚力)
pressure tunnel,压力隧洞
underground cavern/cavity,地下洞室
overburden,覆盖物
bed rock(base rock,foundation rock),基岩
firm rock(sound rock),硬岩
weak rock(soft rock),软岩
interbed,夹层
zone of fracture(broken zones),破碎带
homogeneity,均质性
nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity),非均质性
isotropy,各向同性

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anisotropy,各向异性
矿物质的物理性质(physical character of minerals)
hardness,硬度
luster,光泽
color,颜色
transparency(pellucidity),透明度
streak,条痕
rent(fracture),断口
crystal form,晶形
岩石学(petrology)
classification,分类
structure,构造
texture,结构
fabric,组成
mineral composition,矿物组成
crystalline,结晶质
amorphous substance,非晶质
fossil,化石
degree of rounding,磨圆度
degree of grains,粒度
地层地貌(stratum and physiognomy)
basin,盆地

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river valley,河谷
river bed,河床
topography,地形
terrain,地势
attitude,产状
rock base(batholite),岩基
rock stock,岩株
rock flow,岩流
rock loccolith,岩盖
rock lopolith,岩盆
rock dike,岩墙
rock sill,岩床
vein dyke,岩脉
sediment(deposit),沉积物(层)
alluvium,冲击物(层)
proluvium(diluvium),洪积物(层)
deluvium,坡积物(层)
eluvium,残积物(层)
eolian deposit,风积物(层)
lake deposit,湖积物(层)
marine deposit,海积物(层)
glacial(drift)deposit,冰川沉积物(层)

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colluvial deposit(colluvium),崩积物(层)
cross-bedding,交错层
geologic structure,地质构造
geotectonics,大地构造学
graben,地堑
horst,地垒
cordance(conformity),整合
discordance(unconformity),不整合
deceptive cordance/conformity,假整合
地质作用(physical geology action)
weathering,风化
erosion,侵岩
transportation,搬运
deposition/sediment,沉积
denudation,剥蚀
corrasion,磨蚀
corrosion,腐蚀
dissolution,溶蚀
landslide,滑坡
collapse(rock fall),崩塌
mud flow,泥石流
earthquake,地震
天行践,君子自强不息!

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